Publications

“Our findings suggest that significant extravasations can or have caused patient harm and can irradiate patients’ tissue with doses that exceed medical event reporting limits and deterministic effect thresholds. Therefore, diagnostic radiopharmaceutical injections should be monitored, and dosimetry of extravasated tissue should be performed in certain cases where thresholds are thought to have been exceeded. Process improvement efforts should be implemented to reduce the frequency of extravasation in nuclear medicine.” Full Text

“With patient radiation safety in mind, we maintain that both diagnostic and therapeutic extravasation events should be identified and characterized. Severe extravasations affect the diagnostic or therapeutic quality of nuclear medicine procedures, and the unintended dose to tissue and skin may eventually be clinically significant. A dedicated radiopharmaceutical injection monitoring system can be used to improve the accuracy of dosimetry and assist in determining the need for patient follow-up.” Full Text

“Partial extravasation of a PET dose is readily detected and differentiated using TAC metrics and these metrics could provide deeper insight into the impact of partial extravasation on image quality or quantitation.” Full Text

“Reproducible, quantitative standardized uptake value (SUV) results from FDG-PET scans are increasingly viewed as important in clinical oncology—both in routine clinical practice, as well as in clinical trials.” Full Text

“The studies in which I have been involved identified factors such as the tools used for the injection, the technique, and the experience of the technologist that influence the probability of extravasation, rather than any patient-specific factor.” Full Text

“As part of routine monitoring of 18F-FDG PET administrations, an interesting case was identified that mimicked extravasation but represented dose leakage during infusion via an automatic injector. The Lara device provided a useful tool for more timely critical evaluation and problem solving, extending advantages to the patient and practice.” Full Text

“Topical monitoring and characterization of PET dose administration is possible and practical with the LARA device. Extravasation and partial extravasation of PET doses are not only readily detected but they are also preventable. The LARA device can provide the insights into variables that could eliminate extravasation as a cause of image quality or SUV accuracy issues.” Full Text

“Infiltrations can be reduced. Using the techniques described, our 2 departments have shown a significant reduction in infiltration rates. Our main department, with a fixed-site PET/CT scanner, began with a 13.3% infiltration rate and reduced it to under 3% for 2 consecutive years and continues to improve. The mobile PET/CT department started with a 15.5% infiltration rate, reduced it to under 5%, and has maintained it there.” Full Text (subscription required).

“Topical monitoring and characterisation of PET dose administration is possible and practical with the LARA device. Extravasation and partial extravasation of PET doses are not only readily detected but they are also preventable. The LARA device can provide the insights into variables that could eliminate extravasation as a cause of image quality or SUV accuracy issues.” Full Text

“A QIP can significantly improve and sustain injection quality; however, ongoing monitoring is needed as new technologists join the team.” Full Text

Josh Knowland of Lucerno Dynamics and Jackson W. Kiser M.D. of Carilion Clinic have presented their poster on a novel method of calculating equivalent doses to tissue in cases of radiopharmaceutical extravasation during 2020 SNMMI Mid-Winter Meeting in Tampa, Florida.

“Topical detectors could allow for real-time feedback about lung activity without the use of dynamic SPECT counting or manual probing. This would allow for ventilation to be performed without the risk of scanner contamination or the variability of manual processes.” Presentation